NASA's lunar mission could lead to Internet in space

Computerworld - With the launch of NASA's lunar mission tonight, the space agency is taking a big step in an effort to create an outer space Internet.

"This is akin to the fact that you have a fiber-optic connection into your house and you get faster downloads. We want to get faster downloads in space," said Don Boroson, principal investigator for NASA's lunar mission and a Laboratory Fellow at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory. "We're told by scientists that they have cameras to send to Mars, but they're stuck because radio systems are not capable of sending much of the data and images collected there back to Earth. With higher download speeds they could send all of their data back. They could do much more with more downloads."

At 11:27 p.m. ET, NASA is scheduled to launch its Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) observatory from the Wallops Flight Facility on Wallops Island, Va.

NASA will provide live coverage and commentary on the LADEE launch beginning at 9:30 p.m. ET tonight on NASA TV.

The robotic space probe's main mission is to study the moon's atmosphere.

However, it also has another mission.

About a month after launch, the spacecraft will begin a limited test of a high-data-rate laser communication system. If that system works as planned, similar systems are expected to be used to speed up future satellite communications, as well as deep space communications with robots and human exploration crews.

Don Cornwell, Lunar Laser Communications Mission Manager at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, told Computerworld that this will be the space agency's first laser communications test.

In 2017, NASA is expected to launch a Laser Communications Relay Demonstration, which is expected to run tests for two to five years.

Using a laser for communications, instead of radio systems, would enable robots -- similar to the Mars rover Curiosity -- as well as astronauts to send and receive far greater data loads, whether they're in orbit around Earth, on the moon or a distant asteroid.

The two-way laser communications system can deliver six times more data with 25% less power than what can be done with the best radio systems, according to Cornwell.

He also said that laser communications would use devices that weigh half of what radio devices on rockets, rovers and spacecraft weigh today. When scientists are sending spacecraft into space, weight is a critical factor.

"When you send satellite communicationss up in space, every pound really counts," said Boroson. "You could send a mission very far away but the size of the radio [on the rocket] grows and grows. This is a fraction of the weight... Every ounce counts. The fact that we could be smaller and deliver a much higher deliver rate is very important."

And space exploration is largely about the data. Rovers and astronauts are expected to take measurements, shoot images and video of distant planets and asteroids. However, if they can't get that data back to scientists on Earth, it's scientifically limiting the entire mission.

"Right now, there's often a bottleneck with the radio system," said Cornwell. "Scientists have to pick and choose which images and data they want because it's not optimal to send it all back. With laser systems, they shouldn't have to choose. And as NASA goes further and further out in space, we'd like to... send more of that data back."

He added that the large pipe that laser communications give them will become increasingly important as explorations travel farther from Earth.

Cornwell said that some commercial operations are looking into testing laser communications in an effort to create an Earth-orbiting network of satellites that would speed data transmissions using lasers.

"We're really in the formulation phase," he said.

This article, NASA's lunar mission could lead to Internet in space, was originally published at Computerworld.com.

Sharon Gaudin covers the Internet and Web 2.0, emerging technologies, and desktop and laptop chips for Computerworld. Follow Sharon on Twitter at @sgaudin, on Google+ or subscribe to Sharon's RSS feed . Her email address is sgaudin@computerworld.com.

See more by Sharon Gaudin on Computerworld.com.

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Upcoming Catalyst Could Spark Another Run For Insmed

Written by Scott Matusow and Kyle Dennis. Both authors hold long positions in the company featured in this article.

Sometimes in the biotechnology sector one company can provide investors with multiple opportunities to make money while limiting risk. This week, we have decided to revisit a very successful trade that we covered a couple of months ago. With a catalyst data approaching and the stock undergoing some consolidation, we feel it is ready to run again.

Insmed Incorporated (INSM) is a biopharmaceutical company that discovers and develops targeted inhaled therapies for those suffering from orphan lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis patients with non-tuberculosis mycobacterial (NTM) lung infections. We covered the company in early May 2013 for a catalyst run up into the Phase III clinical trial results for ARIKACE in treating pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. From our $8.50 call, the stock rallied to 52-week highs to $14.30 after several analyst upgrades and institutional buying. Afterwards, Insmed reported positive Phase III results and also did an offering to raise cash for future clinical trials. ARIKACE met the primary endpoint of non-inferiority to Novartis' (NVS) drug TOBI. We believe it is time to revisit this successful trade because new catalysts are approaching for different indications.

Insmed's lead product ARIKACE is in clinical trials for several indications. The company is working on treatments for patients with pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria lung infections and pseudomonas aeruoginosa lunch infections in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. ARIKACE uses amikacin, which is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antibiotic for gram-negative infections. For a detailed explanation of ARIKACE and the Insmed platform, we would like to direct you to our previous article that highlights it in great detail.

The most pertinent indication is for patients with NTM lung infections. According to the Insmed presentation, there are about 50,000 patients diagnosed in the United States, growing at a rate of 8% per year. Even though these infections are quite prevalent, no approved treatments are available.

NTM lung infections can be quite serious. Patients require 7.6 courses of antibiotics and 40% of patients over 65 die from the infection. Since this is an unmet need, the FDA granted ARIKACE orphan status for this indication. ARIKACE also has Fast Track Designation and Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) for this indication. Insmed would have a long period of exclusivity because QIDP grants the drug 5 years of exclusivity and Orphan Status another 7 years. Since regulatory exclusivity is additive, Insmed would have 12 years of exclusivity on the market.

In order to get some indication of how ARIKACE would work against strains of NTM bacteria, Insmed did several studies before entering Phase II trials. Insmed conducted two different studies, one in vitro (taking place in a test tube) and one in vivo (in an organism).

From above, we can see that ARIKACE has produced positive results for In Vitro studies. ARIKACE was tested against amikacin for 5 different strains of the NTM bacterium M. Avium complex (MAC). At an equivalent concentration, ARIKACE showed greater activity against all 5 strains. Additionally, ARIKACE did not show any toxicity.

(click to enlarge)

From above, we can again see that ARIKACE produced positive results for In Vivo studies. It was found that ARIKACE administered every other day was superior to a 25% higher dose of amikacin injection. This demonstrates that ARIKACE could have a better efficacy profile, as a lower dose is needed to achieve the desired result.

After this consolidation period, Insmed has set up to run again into Phase II clinical trial results in patients with NTM lung infections in the United States. On March 18, 2013 the company stated:

"Insmed's Phase 3 registrational study of ARIKACE in Europe and Canada completed enrollment and the company expects top-line clinical results in mid-2013. Insmed's U.S. Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with NTM is well underway with clinical results expected in late 2013."

With no approved treatment on the market and a long period of exclusivity, positive trial results would be a significant milestone for the company.

Several reputable analysts are all bullish on Insmed. Canaccord Genuity, Lazard Capital, Leerink Swaan, UBS and Webush Securities cover Insmed. These analysts are very bullish on the future of Insmed and all have price targets higher than the current stock price. Recent analyst upgrades include:

On May 15, 2013, Lazard Capital initiated coverage on Insmed with a buy and a price target of $21.On May 22, 2013, Canaccord Genuity raised its price target on Insmed from $12 to $17.On May 22, 2013, Leerink Swann raised its price target from $13 to $22.On June 18, 2013, UBS initiated covered on Insmed with a buy rating and a price target of $17.50.

A consensus of bullish analyst sentiment is always a good sign for a company's future. These four analysts predict a price anywhere between $17 and $22, which would represent about a $6 to $10 gain from current prices.

We saw this kind of bullish analyst consensus in Trius Therapeutics (TSRX). Trius Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company that focuses on the discovery, development and commercializing of antibiotics for serious infections. At the time of our coverage, analysts were predicting a price anywhere between $14 and $20 when the stock was priced at $7.50. Trius was recently bought out for $13.50 a share with a $2.00 contingent value right (CVR).

Cash Position

On July 15, 2013, Insmed did a public offering of common stock, which raised about $60M. The company now reports having $81.61M in cash and burns about $36.61M. This should leave the company with enough cash to fund its operations in the near term. Additionally, the public offering was received very well, as the stock has since rallied.

One company that had an offering received very well is AcelRx Pharmaceuticals (ACRX). AcelRx is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative therapies for the treatment of acute and breakthrough pain. On July 19, 2013, AcelRx offered 570,000 shares priced at $11.65. Investors aggressively bought the offering and the stock now sits at $11.96 per share. We covered AcelRx this year when it was about $6.50 per share. It reached highs since of $13.50, which effectively makes it more than a double.

Keryx Biopharmaceuticals (KERX) is another company which did an offering that was received very well by investors. Keryx is a company that works on developing and commercializing novel therapies for the treatment of renal disease. On January 30, 2013, Keryx offered 8,234,000 shares priced at $8.49 per share. The offering was quickly bought by investors and continued to run higher.

Chart

(click to enlarge)

The Insmed chart is setting up for another run. The chart is making a longer-term flagging continuation pattern and is making a higher low. After the offering, we can see through the accumulation/distribution line that the stock was aggressively acquired. Additionally, we can see that the money flow is wedging higher and the MACD is about to cross positive. With a catalyst approaching and a bullish chart, it is highly likely that the stock begins a new run through the end of the year.

Insmed has been a big winner for investors over the past year, as the stock ran from $2.86 to $14.30. We feel that this recent offering and pullback has given investors another chance to renter the stock for a continued run throughout the year. We expect that Insmed takes out its 52-week high of $14.30 and continues higher into its 4Q data release.

Disclosure: I am long INSM. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it. I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article. (More...)

Additional disclosure: Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational and entertainment use only, and should not be construed as professional investment advice. They are my opinions only. Trading stocks is risky -- always be sure to know and understand your risk tolerance. You can incur substantial financial losses in any trade or investment. Always do your own due diligence before buying and selling any stock, and/or consult with a licensed financial adviser.

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Career Coach: What do you stand for? Could anyone say?

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Going Out Guide | Lauren McEwenJobsIn Jobs#header-v3 #main-nav li.realestate{display:none;}#header-v3 #main-nav li a.top, #header-v3 #main-nav li a.top:link, #header-v3 #main-nav li a.top:visited, #header-v3 #main-nav li a.top:hover {font-size:13px;padding: 0 4px 0 5px !important;}#header-v3 #main-nav li a.home, #header-v3 #main-nav li a.home:link, #header-v3 #main-nav li a.home:visited, #header-v3 #main-nav li a.home:hover {padding: 0px !important;}#header-v3 #main-nav li.politics {border-left:none;}#header-v3 #main-nav li.classifieds {border-right:none;}#header-v3 #main-nav-wrapper-v2 .classifieds .rollMe {right:-1px;height:155px;width:260px;}#header-v3 #main-nav li.politics:hover {-moz-box-shadow: none;-webkit-box-shadow: none;box-shadow: none;}MoreClassifiedsCarsDealsReal EstateRentalsPhotosBlogsDiscussionsFind&SaveObituariesArchivesTopicsWP Wine ClubService Alley In the NewsTerrorism alert Alex Rodriguez Venice Beach Art Donovan dies Missy Franklin body .ui-menu-item { margin: 4px 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 10px;}body .ui-autocomplete.ui-widget-content{ border-top: medium none; border-top-left-radius: 0; border-top-right-radius: 0; display: block; left: 154px; position: absolute; width: 199px; z-index: 1;}body .ui-widget-content a { background-image: none !important; border: medium none !important; border-radius: 0 0 0 0; color: #222222; cursor: pointer; display: block; line-height: 1.8em; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%;}.search input{ width: 200px;}???initialComments:true! pubdate:06/30/2013 13:11 EDT! commentPeriod:14! commentEndDate:7/14/13 1:11 EDT! currentDate:8/4/13 8:0 EDT! allowComments:false! displayComments:true!Career Coach: What do you stand for? Could anyone say? By Joyce E. A. Russell,

Be sure you put your feet in the right place, and then stand firm.
— Abraham Lincoln

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How often do you witness a leader taking a stand on an issue or for a cause? For many, it doesn’t seem to be nearly enough. Most people say that they can’t get a decisive judgment from their leaders. Instead, their bosses try to please everyone by waffling on issues or saying one thing to one person and something different to someone else. And, in the process, they appear indecisive, thereby not pleasing anyone.

In their book, “The Truth about Leadership,” James Kouzes and Barry Posner describe Truth No. 8 as “You either lead by example or you don’t lead at all.”

They write, “leadership is waiting for you every day to take action. It’s waiting for you to show others that you mean what you say. As a leader you are responsible for modeling behavior based on your values — in plain view of those you expect to follow those values.”

If you continually change your actions on an issue, people are confused about what you stand for. You have to find your spine. If you do nothing about an issue, people see that and form opinions about how you feel about the issue. Take something like discrimination. Suppose you realize that some of your managers are treating people differentially — based on rank or gender or race, etc. And you do nothing about it. What happens? They believe you either don’t care about the issue or that you condone the discriminatory behavior. Is this the message you want them to believe about you or not?

So why do leaders have so much trouble taking a stand? Like anyone, they are fearful of having some people dislike them or voice contrary views. Or, they may have difficulties dealing with conflict. And like any of us, they can be swayed by the squeaky wheels — those people who argue the most forcefully.

For example, suppose you really don’t believe in discrimination and yet your most vocal employees express their views that “it’s not a big deal,” while those being treated poorly do not speak up as forcefully. Who are you more inclined to listen to? Some leaders are afraid to go up against those who are vocal, especially if there is a group of them. A confident and strong leader will, however, stand up for his or her beliefs and what is right, and not be easily swayed by the squeaky wheels or the vocal group. They will reveal clearly what they will or will not do.

It’s not easy to take a stand and go up against vocal opponents. It takes courage. As author Marcus Buckingham says, “Excellent leaders don’t just buy into what everybody else is saying, and they don’t follow the beaten path. They are constantly blazing new trails.”

It helps to have a support group or some advisers who can be encouraging or provide mentoring. If a leader is able to confidently take a stand in these cases, and is consistent in his or her behaviors, at some point, people see this and have a tendency to respect it. They may still fight against it, and they may still be vocal. But, hopefully, the quieter members will also finally speak up in support of the leader’s stand.

It is true that taking a stand can end up with negative results. Your views could be seen by some as unpopular. There are risks to giving an opinion. Yet, there are also risks if you don’t take a stand for what’s right and important — the loss of talented employees, the respect of those you admire, your own loss of identity and what you value. And it seems that these risks may be greater over the long term.

Today, people are starved for leaders who will take a stand for what they believe in and what they see as right. We should all start now to become those leaders.

Those who stand for nothing, fall for anything. — Alexander Hamilton

Joyce E. A. Russell is the vice dean and the director of the Executive Coaching and Leadership Development Program at the University of Maryland’s Robert H. Smith School of Business. She is a licensed industrial and organizational psychologist and has more than 25 years of experience coaching executives and consulting on leadership and career management. She can be reached at jrussell@rhsmith.umd.edu.

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